Linear programming approach to optimal cowpea marketing in Soroti and Pallisa districts of Uganda

Abstract

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL. Walp) is an economically and nutritionally important grain legume in northern and north eastern Uganda. The crop is grown both for subsistance and as cash crop. However, increased production of cowpea as a cash crop will depend on reliable market information. This study was designed to assess the nature of cowpea marketing and establish how optimally it is marketed within the districts of Pallisa and Soroti. Primary data were collected from 72 traders in rural and urban centers of Pallisa and Soroti districts, using pre-tested structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a linear programming (LP) transportation model. The results indicated that a majority of traders were male and sole proprietors. At both wholesale and retail levels, transport costs accounted for the highest percentage of total marketing costs incurred by traders. Poor storage and seasonal fluctuation in demand were among the leading marketing problem. Farmers generally took the largest share of the consumer price. Use of the LP transportation model showed that traders did not optimally distribute their cowpea. The current level of operation was 10% lower than the optimal level.

For optimality, Katakwi zone should supply 1164 kg of cowpea to Soroti market. Similarly, Gweri zone should put on the market 2544 kg of cowpea in Soroti. In Pallisa district, Apopong, Putiputi, Ikiiki and Agule cowpea sources would supply only the Pallisa market. The various problems faced in the marketing system were contributing to the difference between the optimal level of transactions and current level.